The 4-meter Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). The 4MOST Wide Field Corrector and Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC) lenses have been manufactured and tested at KiwiStar Optics, New Zealand. The two ADC wedged doublets form a Risley Prism Pair; are both 650 mm in diameter and relatively thin; and have been cemented using Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer. The cementing procedure and its challenges are reported here. Interferometric measurements of the single surfaces, glass blanks and the finished doublets have been compared in order to assess the effect of the cementing process on the final surface figures of the doublets before and after positioning in their cells.
The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a joint venture of scientific institutions in Canada, China, India, Japan and the United States to build a 30 m diameter Ritchey-Chretien optical-infrared telescope. The large aperture size and field of view, with its adaptive optics (AO) systems will enable imaging at the diffraction limit, precision astrometry, high contrast imaging and spectroscopy from the ultraviolet through the mid-infrared. Its 30 m primary mirror consists of 492 off-axis aspheric segmented hexagonal mirrors, each having a diameter of 1.44 m across corners. The manufacture of the segments is distributed amongst India, USA, China and Japan. KiwiStar Optics (business unit of Callaghan Innovation), New Zealand manufactured a reference sphere for India TMT Co-Ordination Centre (ITCC). This paper presents polishing, testing procedures and metrology challenges of a 61.7 m long radius of curvature reference sphere. The radius of curvature and surface figure interferometric testing error budget is discussed in detail.
A new prime focus corrector for the WEAVE project for the William Herschel Telescope is being produced. The corrector consists of six lens elements, the largest being 1.1 m in diameter. It also incorporates an Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector. Testing procedures for the WEAVE prime focus corrector lens elements are described here. Critical issues encountered in practice, including the influence of the lens size, wedge and weight on the testing procedure are discussed. Due to large lens dimensions, a dedicated test tower and lens support system has been developed to measure the optical surface form errors of the concave surfaces and the transmitted wavefront of each lens. For some of the lens elements, sub-aperture measurements have been performed using an off-axis Hindle sphere and the resultant OPD maps have been stitched together. The challenge of testing a wedged lens with a combination of a long radius convex surface and a short radius concave surface has been resolved by using another lens from the system as an auxiliary lens. The practice of testing convex surfaces via internal reflection/transmission through the lens element has been avoided entirely in this case and some discussion justifying the choices of metrology approach taken is given. The fabrication and acceptance testing of the lens elements has been completed within the expected time and budget, and all elements have been shown to meet requirements.
Tunable waveguide Bragg gratings were demonstrated in PYR-3 chromophore doped polymers. We report on the fabrication and the performance of the device. Polycarbonate thin films were doped with PYR-3 (2-{3- Cyano-4- [3-(1-decyl-1 H-pyridin-4-ylidene)-propenyl]-5,5-dimethyi-5 H-furan-2-ylidene}-malononitrile) chromophore, consisting of a dihydropyridinylidene donor and three carbon atoms in the conjugated linker between donor and acceptor. Ridge waveguides were laser micro-machined into the polycarbonate film with a JPSA micromachining system equipped with a KrF excimer laser at 248 nm. Bragg gratings were inscribed into the waveguide by permanently photobleaching the PYR-3 chromophores using a phase mask to achieve narrowband reflections at wavelengths around 1550 nm. Electro-optic properties were introduced by contact poling. Applying a static external electric field leads to the shift of the reflection peak.
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