Mr. Connor M. Smith Profile

Connor M. Smith

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2024 Poster + Paper

Centroiding and extraction of tip/tilt information from nonlinear curvature wavefront sensor measurements

Caleb Abbott, Justin Crepp, Stanimir Letchev, Connor Smith

Proceedings Volume 13097, 130973X (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018868

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Pupil aberrations, Wavefront sensors, Sensors, Diffraction, Adaptive optics, Wavefront reconstruction, Wavefront aberrations

Read Abstract +

The nonlinear curvature wavefront sensor (nlCWFS) uses multiple (typically four) out-of-focus images to reconstruct the phase and amplitude of a propagating light beam. Because these images are located between the pupil and focal planes, they contain tip/tilt information. Rather than using a separate sensor to measure image locations, it would be beneficial to extract tip/tilt information directly and routinely as part of the reconstruction process. In the presence of atmospheric turbulence, recovering precise centroid offsets for each out-of-focus image becomes a dynamic process as image structure is altered by changing aberrations. We examine several tip/tilt extraction methods and compare their precision and accuracy using numerical simulations. We find that the nlCWFS outer measurement planes confer more accurate and reliable tip/tilt information than the inner measurement planes, due to their larger geometric lever arm. However, in practice, finite field of view (detector region of interest) effects bias tip/tilt retrieval when using the outer planes due to diffraction. Using knowledge of the z-distance to each plane, we find that applying a best-fit linear model to multiple image centroid locations can offer fast and accurate tip/tilt mode retrieval. For the most demanding applications, a non-linear tip/tilt extraction method that self-consistently uses the speckle field may need to be developed.

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