5-fluorouracil (5FU) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are two popular cancer therapies that induce long-term anti-tumor immunity, mediated by cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, in addition to their primary tumor-killing effects. The 5FU pretreatment combination with PDT (cPDT), involving the application of aminolevulinic acid (ALA), accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumors, and exposure to blue light results in lesion clearance mainly by immunological cell death. When combined, 5FU and PDT potentiate the generation of anti-tumor immune responses, resulting in a greater tumor reduction than is possible with either treatment modality given alone.
We demonstrate a high throughput spectrometer system for real-time measurement of singlet oxygen (1O2) luminescence during photodynamic therapy (PDT). High signal-to-noise spectroscopic data allows for more accurate determination of photosensitizer luminescence baseline via spectral fitting and thus the extraction of 1O2 phosphorescence signal based solely on spectroscopic decomposition, without the need for temporal gating. This enables direct 1O2 measurement in continuous-wave mode, enabling potential clinical use of the technology as a PDT dosimeter. We present results from both in-vitro phantom and in-vivo murine actinic keratosis lesion clearance studies that investigated the correlation of treatment effect with 1O2 measurements during PDT.
Two different treatment modalities for skin cancer, topical 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have several non-overlapping mechanisms of action in addition to inducing long-term anti-tumor immunity mediated by cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. The particular type of PDT (painless, or p-PDT) uses aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and exposure to blue light in a non-apoptotic regimen resulting in lesion clearance mainly by immunological cell death. When combined, 5FU and p-PDT augment each other in multiple ways, including augmentation of anti-tumor immune activation, resulting in greater tumor reduction than possible with either modality alone.
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