KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical sensors, Infrared sensors, Receivers, Signal processing, Fiber optics sensors, Control systems, Chemical elements, Information security
Modern technologies and opportunities present new challenges and set new tasks for us. The main components of the smart production of an actuator (so-called smart drive production factory) are different kind of optical sensors. With their help can be provided not only control of structural survey of the smart drive production factory but also the access control system. The main types of optical sensors, their pro and contra and the development of the way they are used are described in the paper.
The article deals with radiation-resistant television system located on the robot arm and designed for positioning of a gripper, for collecting and retrieving foreign objects (including nuclear fuel element’s fragments) located in the protective chamber of a nuclear power plant. Performing sequential necessary movements by arm, wrist and gripper of the manipulator nuclear fuel element’s fragments or objects are captured. By consecutive movement of arm, and wrist manipulator is moved to the position for the extraction from mine - arm is moved to the zero position, control is performed with the indicator on the control panel. Control of manipulator's components position and lifted objects is also visualized by means of a television system. After that, the manipulator is lifted from the mine of the protective chamber at low speed. The gripper can be replaced if necessary. Three cameras (two on a wrist and one on a forearm) are mounted on the manipulator to overview surrounding environment. The cameras located on the articulated arm have a mechanical angle adjustment. Each camera has individual focal length adjustment to provide sharpness in capture plane. Together the three cameras provide a panoramic view, side view and top view of a captured object. Each camera is equipped with built-in LED illuminators allowing to work without external lighting.
The paper conducts the new method of pipeline's inner surface control. The 3D model of the area can be built using laser profilers. Surface profile is the line of intersection of the plane having a predetermined orientation, with a given surface. Having a set of profiles, a surface relief can be built. Analyzed surface's profilogram in digital form is generated by computing system profiler on the distorted image profile. Besides the development of 3D measuring techniques for inline inspection leads to increasing of the speed of checking pipelines as a lot of data can be obtained from engineering surfaces in a short time.
In a pressurized water reactor (PWR) there are no light sources due to the operation of such devices in a given medium. Thus, in order to obtain a high-quality video image when operating on PWR, the lighting unit must be located on the optoelectronic manipulator transmission device. The subject of the study is optoelectronic systems designed to monitor fuel loading underwater in PWR. The relevance of the topics is image quality improvement of the object under a high level of radiation background, the use of a new radiation-resistant block of illuminators, the main light source of which are LEDs, the development of a control circuit for the LED lighting unit using a microcontroller. For LED lighting optical systems' design, it is proposed to use nonimaging optical elements with refractive and reflective surfaces of various shapes. For their calculation, the known methods which are developed for the calculation of spherical and similar aspheric optics are not applicable. The scientific novelty of the work is the use of LEDs made on carbide-silicon substrates in radiation-resistant television systems.
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