The application of three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement technology based on the phase-shift method on bright and dark surfaces is susceptible to image saturation and low grayscale values. This is due to the need to analyze the absolute grayscale values of pixels. Although multiple exposures and adaptive stripe methods can restore high dynamic scene 3D morphology with high accuracy, the requirement for multiple rounds of projection leads to low computational efficiency. In this work, we proposed a high dynamic surface 3D shape measurement technology that combines the phase-shifting method and line-shifted Gray code. This technology can accurately restore the 3D shape of a highly dynamic scene with a single projection. To avoid the decrease in measurement accuracy caused by low projector calibration accuracy, we developed a binocular structured light 3D measurement system to verify the method proposed in this work. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves measurement integrity by ∼121.1% and reduces measurement error by 71.1% compared to the phase-shifting method in overexposed scenarios. In low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios, the measurement error is reduced by 62.6%. Furthermore, compared to multi-wheel projection methods, the calculation time is reduced by 88.4%.