Optical fiber bus technology is an important research direction in communication systems of electronic devices in special vehicle platforms. According to the requirements for communication quality between devices in special vehicle platforms, an optical fiber bus based on gigabit passive optical network topology is proposed. A data cache-based predictive weighted interpolated polling dynamic bandwidth allocation method is presented and investigated for the optical fiber bus’s upstream bandwidth allocation. The network controller establishes a weighted buffer area for the communication requirements in the polling period according to the type and data volume of the network terminal (NT) data stream and dynamically allocates the bandwidth of each optical NT to better meet the communication requirements for different data within the special device platform. Verification is done by means of OPNET software simulation and the establishment of a NT simulation test system in the laboratory. This proves that the proposed dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm can reduce the end-to-end delay of RS422 port data by more than 50% and meet the Ethernet and controller area network port data delay requirements.