Shape from focus using principal component analysis in discrete wavelet transform

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood; Seong-O Shim; Tae-Sun Choi

doi:10.1117/1.3130232

1 May 2009 Shape from focus using principal component analysis in discrete wavelet transform

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood, Seong-O Shim, Tae-Sun Choi

Author Affiliations +

Optical Engineering, Vol. 48, Issue 5, 057203 (May 2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3130232

Abstract

We introduce a new approach for 3-D shape recovery based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and principal component analysis (PCA). A small 3-D neighborhood is considered to incorporate the effect of pixels from previous as well as next frames. The intensity values of the pixels in the neighborhood are then arranged into a vector. DWT is applied on each vector to decompose it into approximation and wavelet coefficients. PCA is then applied on modified energies of wavelet components. The first feature in the eigenspace, as it contains maximum variation, is employed to compute the depth. The performance of the proposed approach is tested and is compared with existing methods by using synthetic and real image sequences. The evaluation is gauged on the basis of unimodality and monotonicity of the focus curve. Resolution, accuracy, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation metrics have been applied to evaluate the performance. Experimental results and comparative analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

©(2009) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

Citation Download Citation

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood, Seong-O Shim, and Tae-Sun Choi "Shape from focus using principal component analysis in discrete wavelet transform," Optical Engineering 48(5), 057203 (1 May 2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3130232

Published: 1 May 2009

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available