Adaptive Beaming and Imaging in the Turbulent Atmosphere

Author(s): Vladimir P. Lukin, Boris V. Fortes

Published: 2002

PDF ISBN: 9780819479150 | Print ISBN: 9780819443373

DESCRIPTION

Due to the wide application of adaptive optical systems, an understanding of optical wave propagation in randomly inhomogeneous media has become essential, and several numerical models of individual AOS components and of efficient correction algorithms have been developed. This monograph contains detailed descriptions of the mathematical experiments that were designed and carried out during more than a decade's worth of research.

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Front Matter

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CHAPTER 1.

Mathematical Simulation of Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere

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1.1 Numerical Solution to Problems of Coherent Radiation Propagation
1.1.1 Wave equation
1.1.2 Thermal blooming of high-power laser beams
1.1.3 Turbulent distortions of a wavefront
1.2 Generation of 2D Random Phase Screens by the Fourier Transform Method
1.3 Dynamic Simulation of the Large-Scale Part of Turbulent Aberrations of an Optical Phase
1.4 Modification of the Numerical Model for Partially Coherent Beams
1.5 Lens Transformation of Coordinates in an Inhomogeneous Wave Equation
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CHAPTER 2.

Modeling an Adaptive Optics System

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2.1 Reference Wave in an Adaptive Optics System
2.1.1 Counterpropagating a reference beam in a phase conjugation system
2.1.2 Guide star in an adaptive telescope
2.2 Wavefront Sensors
2.2.1 Ideal quadrature sensors
2.2.2 Ideal phase difference sensors
2.2.3 Hartmann sensor
2.3 Wavefront Correctors
2.3.1 Modal correctors
2.3.2 Deformable mirrors
2.3.3 Segmented correctors
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CHAPTER 3.

Adaptive Imaging

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3.1 Calculation and Minimization of Image Distortions
3.1.1 Imaging in an atmosphere–telescope system
3.1.2 Minimization of the width of a turbulent PSF
3.2 Study of Angular Resolution and Contrast in Large Residual Wavefront Distortions
3.2.1 Effect of a corrector’s spatial resolution on PSF parameters
3.2.2 Measurement of distortions under limited photon flux
3.2.3 Effect of cone anisoplanatism
3.3 Phase Correction of Turbulent Distortions Under Strong Intensity Scintillation
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CHAPTER 4.

Minimization and Phase Correction of Thermal Blooming of High-Power Beams

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4.1 Amplitude Optimization for Thermal Blooming Along a Vertical Path
4.1.1 Power optimization for beams with different cross-sectional intensity distributions
4.1.2 Dependence of wind direction on the longitudinal coordinate
4.2 Programmed Modal Phase Correction of Thermal Blooming Along a Vertical Path
4.3 Method of Phase Conjugation on a Horizontal Path
4.4 Modal Phase Conjugation on a Horizontal Path
4.4.1 Calculation of the efficiency of modal phase conjugation
4.4.2 Modification of modal phase conjugation
References

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CHAPTER 5.

A Laser Reference Beacon as a Key Element of an Adaptive Optics System

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5.1 Some Features of Reflected Optical Wave Fluctuations in a Turbulent Atmosphere
5.1.1 Enhanced backscatter
5.1.2 Phase fluctuations of specularly reflected waves
5.1.3 Random displacements of the image of a sensed volume in a turbulent atmosphere
5.2 Improvement of the Quality of an Atmospheric Image by Adaptive Optics Methods
5.3 A Modern Concept of Adaptive Optics Systems with a Laser Guide Star
5.3.1 Some features of fluctuations of reflected waves
5.4 Monostatic and Bistatic Schemes for Formation of a Laser Guide Star
5.4.1 Correlation between random displacements of a laser beam and a natural star image for a bistatic scheme
5.4.2 Optimal algorithm for tip-tilt correction
5.4.3 A laser guide star as an extended source
5.5 Hybrid Scheme of Forming a Laser Guide Star
5.6 Two Bistatic Schemes for LGS Formation
5.6.1 Jitter of an extended source
5.6.2 Basic shortcomings of schemes a and b for LGS formation
5.6.3 A differential scheme
5.7 A New Scheme for LGS Formation
5.7.1 Attempt to reduce the effect of angular anisoplanatism
References

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Back Matter

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