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Biomedical optical imaging and sensing techniques are known to be confounded by skin tone, typically leading to worse outcomes in people with darker skin tones. Here, we present a healthy volunteer study to evaluate the effects of skin tone in photoacoustic imaging. We recruited 42 people, 6 from each Fitzpatrick skin type and 6 people with vitiligo. Our preliminary analysis shows increased reconstruction artefacts and changes in blood oxygen estimates in higher Fitzpatrick types. The results suggest that equitable application of quantitative photoacoustic imaging in the clinic will require improved methods to account for changing light fluence and acoustic artefacts.
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Thomas Else, Christine Loreno, Alice Groves, Amit Roshan, Sarah Bohndiek, "The effects of skin tone on photoacoustic imaging: a healthy volunteer study," Proc. SPIE PC12842, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2024, PC1284205 (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002540