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Extending OCT into meter-scale working distances has potential applications in robotic vision, surgical planning and assistance, and non-invasive medical imaging. However, long-range imaging significantly decreases the numerical aperture (NA) of the system unless a much larger aperture is used. This diminishes the signal and requires the use of Gaussian beam theory for accurate determination of the beam profile and focusing behavior. We demonstrate and experimentally validate theory for focusing a laser source to optimize both resolution and signal and discuss the impact of the “focal shift” effect in which the geometric focus of the objective and Gaussian beam waist diverge at low NA.
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Julia S. Foust, Robert Trout, Jingkai Zhang, Jianwei D. Li, Al-Hafeez Dhalla, Joseph A. Izatt, "Optimal focusing for long-range OCT: not necessarily on the sample," Proc. SPIE PC12830, Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXVIII, PC128301X (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003551