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Mapping of human brain function has revolutionized systems neuroscience. Common brain mapping methods such as fMRI offer promising sensitivity yet pose significant methodological challenges in studies of naturally behaving children due to the loud, constraining environment and extreme susceptibility to motion-induced artifacts. Recent developments in high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) have demonstrated dramatically improved image quality over traditional fNIRS methods. In this talk, I will discuss challenges associated with mapping brain function in children in natural settings, recent advancements in developing HD-DOT methods, and applications in childhood development, autism spectrum disorder, and critical care environments.
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