A fiber-optic probe with a low numerical aperture lens at its tip is better suited for imaging the large airways, as the distance between the probe and the tissue surface is unknown and variable. A multi-segment, all-fiber lens, that consists of a section of coreless fiber (CF) and graded index fiber, followed by a CF ball lens section is described. With this design, lenses with a working distance (WD) greater than 7 mm can be obtained with ball diameters as small as 365 µm and nearly collimated beams with WD greater than 14 mm are demonstrated with a ~500 µm ball tip.
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