Evaluation of pointing techniques for ray casting selection in virtual environments

SangYoon Lee; Jinseok Seo; Gerard Jounghyun Kim; Chan-Mo Park

doi:10.1117/12.497665

1 April 2003 Evaluation of pointing techniques for ray casting selection in virtual environments

SangYoon Lee, Jinseok Seo, Gerard Jounghyun Kim, Chan-Mo Park

Proceedings Volume 4756, Third International Conference on Virtual Reality and Its Application in Industry; (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497665
Event: Third International Conference on Virtual Reality and Its Application in Industry, 2002, Hangzhou, China

Abstract

Various techniques for object selection in virtual environments have been proposed over the years. Among them, the virtual pointer or ray-casting is one of the most popular method for object selection because it is easy and intuitive to use and allows the user to select objects that are far away. Variants of the virtual pointer metaphor include the Aperture, Flashlight, and Image plane method as categorized as such. In a monoscopic environment, these methods are essentially 2D interaction techniques, as the selection is made effectively on the image plane. Such a 2D based selection (or more generally, interaction) method has an added advantage in that it can find many good uses in 3D environments ranging from a simple 2D oriented subtask (object selection on a constrained surface, menu selection) to a situation where a whole 2D application (e.g. sketching tool, desktop manager) is embedded in the 3D environment. In this paper, we experimentally compare the performance of four different virtual pointer implementations, namely, the direct image plane selection, head-directed pointer, hand directed pointer and head-hand directed pointer. The experimental results revealed that the direct image plane selection produced the best performance among the four in terms of both task completion time and the pixel-level pointing error.

Citation Download Citation

SangYoon Lee, Jinseok Seo, Gerard Jounghyun Kim, and Chan-Mo Park "Evaluation of pointing techniques for ray casting selection in virtual environments", Proc. SPIE 4756, Third International Conference on Virtual Reality and Its Application in Industry, (1 April 2003); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497665

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