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This study presents (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Free Space Optics) UAV-FSO, a drone-to-ground communication technology designed to enhance maneuverability and flight duration by reducing the drone’s effective payload weight and power consumption. We introduce a multi-pixel joint likelihood estimation detection receiver method based on Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM), emphasizing the system’s high sensitivity to pointing errors. The evaluation of SiPM-based drones in FSO communications considered the impact of factors like communication distance, pointing errors, and reception angle. We developed a reception signal model for multi-pixel channels, incorporating atmospheric turbulence and multi-pixel channels reception. We analyzed the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) under different pointing errors. Simulations validated the accuracy of our analytical models, and further analysis was conducted on the relationship between optimal system design and pointing errors. The simulations demonstrated that the SiPM-based method provides superior reception angles and increased channel capacity, showing enhanced robustness against pointing errors. Hence, this method offers a vital performance optimization strategy for UAV-FSO communication technology. In conclusion, the study proposes a SiPM-based multi-pixel joint likelihood estimation receiver method, evaluates its effectiveness in UAV-FSO communication technology, and confirms its accuracy and robustness through simulations, opening new avenues in drone communication applications.
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