The Alignment and Phasing System (APS) of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) will use Shack-Hartmann-type measurements to determine the alignment of the telescope mirrors as well as the relative alignment and shapes of the segments of the primary mirror (M1). These measurements are required to be made with high accuracy in order for the telescope to produce diffraction-limited images. As TMT commissioning time will be limited, full performance must also be achieved as quickly as possible, and routine operations times need to be minimized. From the earliest stages of the design, the TMT APS team has therefore emphasized work that ensures that APS will work as well and as close to out of the box as possible and reduces the associated risks. APS is based on the Phasing Camera System (PCS) with more than 60 years of combined operation between the two telescopes of the W. M. Keck Observatory. In addition to the vast experience available from this heritage, there has been a great deal of effort on algorithm and software development, analytical studies and simulations, experiments, and prototyping. Here, we describe some of these efforts and explain why we are confident that this critical subsystem of TMT will achieve its goals.
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