X-ray inspection for detection of cracks requires that the x-ray incident angle is within a small angle e.g., +/-5° of assumed crack plane orientation at the point of x-ray intersection with the crack. Currently, American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) nondestructive evaluation (NDE) standards or guides do not provide a procedure to meet this requirement. Because of lack of precise guidelines, the requirement is not implemented consistently across industry in using x-ray inspection for detection of cracklike flaws. Inconsistent implementation of the requirement causes variation in reliability of detection of cracklike flaws. In many cases, it is observed that the implemented techniques, which use inaccurate interpretation of the x-ray incident angle requirement have resulted in lower reliability. This work provides correct implementation of x-ray angle requirement for cylindrical parts.
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