The phrase "fiber laser" is a ubiquitous but insufficiently detailed description, as powers can range from microwatts to kilowatts. Fiber core diameters can vary from 3-micron core diameter ultra-high NA fibers for supercontinuum generation to 85 micron or greater PCF fibers to generate high pulse energies. With appropriate nonlinear optics, fiber lasers can reach wavelengths ranges from the UV to the LWIR and pulse widths can range from ultrafast femtosecond lasers to continuous output. The appropriate selection of laser can minimize cost, maximize efficiency, and ease assembly challenges in biomedical systems. The advantages and design limitations of single-mode, LMA, and PCF fiber lasers, as necessary to understand the available system impact of fiber laser source selection and including methods to reach directly inaccessible wavelength ranges, maximize net efficiency, or shape the light inside of a fiber are discussed.
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