Direct Laser-based carbonization of commercial polymers, such as polyimide, is a promising alternative to printing conductive carbon electrodes on flexible substrates. These laser-induced nanocarbons (LINCs) are formed along surface patterns based on the irradiation of high intensity beams of CO2 lasers in a direct-write fashion. Recent efforts have demonstrated the fabrication of various functional devices like micro-supercapacitors, sensors and microfluidic devices directly on polyimide films. While LINCs have been observed to have a turbostratic carbon structure with different hierarchical porous and fibrous morphologies, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the formation of LINCs is still largely missing. Here, we elucidate the process-structure-property relationships that are needed in order to correlate the laser processing parameters to the resulting micro-scale and nanoscale morphology, as well as to the achieved electrode properties.
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