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Laser positioning technology in the world has a very broad application prospects. With the development of technology and enhancement of productivity, the technology of positioning accuracy and the detection region also need to improve. There are key factors for laser positioning system, including performance of photosensitive devices, localization algorithm and signal processing circuitry, which are important in determining the performance advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we need to study in-depth research and improvement to enhance the overall performance of the detector. In this paper, after analyzing the principle of mainstream photo-sensitive induction device, we focus on the current and various positioning algorithms which are widely used. Then use simulation to compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Based detector probe in the actual working conditions, we analyze the reasons for the differences in the measurement detector sensitivity, linearity, etc., and provide noise and uniformity correction algorithm while improving on the previous probe calibration method. According to the distribution of the incident light energy, we improve the mathematical model of the original description of the received light energy in each quadrant. Based on the Gaussian distribution of light energy, light intensity correction algorithm is proposed in order to meet the needs of the actual probe. Based on the selected four-quadrant detector APD, we design and build a complete laser positioning system. At last, we design and build the experimental system which can be used to test the main parameters including measurement accuracy and response range of the four-quadrant detector, so the laser positioning system has been tested and verify the feasibility of the system. This paper has mainly innovation in the localization algorithm on the detector.
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