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Little did I know that when I published our first laser microbeam paper on chromosome surgery in 1969, that 50 years later I would still be doing that—trying to explain the inexplicable result we saw back then. The path to an answer of why cells with partially photon-ablated chromosomes could reproduce and maintain the photon-induced deletion in the clonal population of cells, was a path that was solely possible by the parallel development of additional tools in the photonic toolbox. Development of digital-based imaging technologies, GFP-based molecular fluorescent probes, and an evolution of optical manipulation tools (photonic scissors and tweezers) have been combined to provide a tantalizing answer to the question of why cells can divide and form clones following removal of a segment of their DNA.
Michael W. Berns
"Using the photonic toolbox to study chromosomes: 50 years in search of an answer!", Proc. SPIE 11798, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XVIII, 1179802 (6 August 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603700
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Michael W. Berns, "Using the photonic toolbox to study chromosomes: 50 years in search of an answer!," Proc. SPIE 11798, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XVIII, 1179802 (6 August 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603700